Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays

被引：679

作者：

Young, L. ^{[1
]}

Kanter, E. P. ^{[1
]}

Kraessig, B. ^{[1
]}

Li, Y. ^{[1
]}

March, A. M. ^{[1
]}

Pratt, S. T. ^{[1
]}

Santra, R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Southworth, S. H. ^{[1
]}

Rohringer, N. ^{[3
]}

DiMauro, L. F. ^{[4
]}

Doumy, G. ^{[4
]}

Roedig, C. A. ^{[4
]}

Berrah, N. ^{[5
]}

Fang, L. ^{[5
]}

Hoener, M. ^{[5
,6
]}

Bucksbaum, P. H. ^{[7
]}

Cryan, J. P. ^{[7
]}

Ghimire, S. ^{[7
]}

Glownia, J. M. ^{[7
]}

Reis, D. A. ^{[7
]}

Bozek, J. D. ^{[8
]}

Bostedt, C. ^{[8
]}

Messerschmidt, M. ^{[8
]}

机构：

[1] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA

[2] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[3] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA

[4] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[5] Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA

[6] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[7] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, PULSE Inst, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA

[8] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Linac Coherent Light Source, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA

来源：

NATURE | 2010年 / 466卷 / 7302期

关键词：

K-SHELL; FLUORESCENCE YIELDS; CROSS-SECTIONS; LASER; PHOTOIONIZATION; IONIZATION; NEON; LIGHT; SCATTERING; RADIATION;

D O I：

10.1038/nature09177

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

An era of exploring the interactions of high-intensity, hard X-rays with matter has begun with the start-up of a hard-X-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Understanding how electrons in matter respond to ultra-intense X-ray radiation is essential for all applications. Here we reveal the nature of the electronic response in a free atom to unprecedented high-intensity, short-wavelength, high-fluence radiation (respectively 10(18) W cm(-2), 1.5-0.6 nm, similar to 10(5) X-ray photons per angstrom(2)). At this fluence, the neon target inevitably changes during the course of a single femtosecond-duration X-ray pulse-by sequentially ejecting electrons-to produce fully-stripped neon through absorption of six photons. Rapid photoejection of inner-shell electrons produces 'hollow' atoms and an intensity-induced X-ray transparency. Such transparency, due to the presence of inner-shell vacancies, can be induced in all atomic, molecular and condensed matter systems at high intensity. Quantitative comparison with theory allows us to extract LCLS fluence and pulse duration. Our successful modelling of X-ray/atom interactions using a straightforward rate equation approach augurs favourably for extension to complex systems.

引用

页码：56 / U66

页数：7

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