Towards industrialization of polymer solar cells: material processing for upscaling

In this review, we provide insights into the key aspects of material processing for the industrialization of organic solar cells using printing solutions. The manuscript details the adjustments found in the literature about ink formulation and deposition parameters required to scale up the model system based on P3HT:PC60BM, from spin coating to doctor blade or inkjet printing and finally to roll-to-roll deposition. We analyze the particular problems associated with each technique in combination with the common problems linked to the choice of the procedure like the material consumption, the presence of inhomogeneities or time expenses. Moreover, we highlight the use of non-hazardous chemicals and the achievements done in upscaling technology which is nowadays a major topic in the construction of affordable light conversion devices.