Electron microscopy of satellite tobacco mosaic virus crystals: metal-coated, negatively stained and stereo pairs

Highly purified virions of satellite tobacco mosaic virus (STMV) were found to crystallize at relatively low concentrations (300-500 mu g ml(-1)) in pure water. Small crystals of these preparations were examined in the transmission electron microscope after either being rotary shadowcast with metal or negatively stained with 4% uranyl acetate. Stereo views were also obtained of both types of preparations. Stereo pairs of metal-coated crystals provided good three-dimensional images. When stereo pairs of negatively stained crystals were printed from second negatives, they provided striking images although the three-dimensional aspect was not so pronounced. Images of both types of preparations were compared with a computer-generated model of the virus. This model was based on data obtained in earlier X-ray diffraction crystallographic studies. Measurements of crystal axes on the EM images were somewhat lower than those of the computer model. It is assumed the reason for this is the dehydration of crystals during preparation for electron microscopy. The EM images did verify the type of crystal lattice determined the X-ray diffraction studies. Conversely knowing the exact unit cell parameters and the distribution of virions in the crystal from X-ray diffraction data aids in the further interpretation of electron micrographs of virus crystals.