The immune system plays a pivotal role in initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Monocytes and T-lymphocytes are the first cells to enter the damaged endothelium. Differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and ingestion of lipids by these macrophages turning them into foam cells is a crucial step in the development of a fatty streak, the first sign of atherosclerosis. In recent years there has been accumulating evidence for the involvement of Toll like receptor 4, a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system, in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Different cell types present in the atherosclerotic plaque express TLR4 and several pro-atherogenic ligands have been shown to activate TLR4. The innate immune system and the TLR signaling cascade may play an important role not only in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but also in plaque destabilization. In this review, we discuss the role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque development. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
机构:
Calif State Univ Sacramento, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USACalif State Univ Sacramento, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
Dasu, Mohan R.
;
Park, Samuel
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Calif State Univ Sacramento, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USACalif State Univ Sacramento, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
Park, Samuel
;
Devaraj, Sridevi
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Calif State Univ Sacramento, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USACalif State Univ Sacramento, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
Devaraj, Sridevi
;
Jialal, Ishwarlal
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Calif State Univ Sacramento, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95655 USACalif State Univ Sacramento, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
机构:
Calif State Univ Sacramento, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USACalif State Univ Sacramento, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
Dasu, Mohan R.
;
Park, Samuel
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Calif State Univ Sacramento, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USACalif State Univ Sacramento, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
Park, Samuel
;
Devaraj, Sridevi
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Calif State Univ Sacramento, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USACalif State Univ Sacramento, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
Devaraj, Sridevi
;
Jialal, Ishwarlal
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Calif State Univ Sacramento, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95655 USACalif State Univ Sacramento, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA