A study of the structural basis of the carcinogenicity of tamoxifen, toremifene and their metabolites

An analysis of the chemical structure of tamoxifen, toremifene and their metabolites indicates that metabolism to a DNA-reactive hydroxylamine intermediate is possible. The parent compounds and many of their metabolites are predicted to be rodent carcinogens. Moreover, many of these metabolites contain a 6 Angstrom or 8.4 Angstrom distance descriptor biophore. These geometric descriptors may be related to an ability of these chemicals to bind to an estrogen receptor. The prediction of the carcinogenicity of toremifene is not in accord with studies published thus far. However, the reports available have not excluded this possibility, since the protocols used have not addressed it systematically.