Revealing the prehistoric settlement of Australia by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis

被引:143
作者
Hudjashov, Georgi
Kivisild, Toomas
Underhill, Peter A.
Endicott, Phillip
Sanchez, Juan J.
Lin, Alice A.
Shen, Peidong
Oefner, Peter
Renfrew, Colin
Villems, Richard
Forster, Peter
机构
[1] Estonian Bioctr, EE-51010 Tartu, Estonia
[2] Univ Tartu, Dept Evolut Biol, EE-51010 Tartu, Estonia
[3] Univ Cambridge, Leverhulme Ctr Human Evolut Studies, Cambridge CB2 1QH, England
[4] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[5] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England
[6] Natl Inst Toxicol & Forens Sci, Canary Isl Delegat, E-38320 Tenerife, Spain
[7] Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
[8] Univ Regensburg, Inst Funct Genom, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
[9] Univ Cambridge, McDonald Inst Archaeol Res, Cambridge CB2 3ER, England
[10] Anglia Ruskin Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Forens Sci & Chem, Cambridge CB1 1PT, England
基金
英国自然环境研究理事会;
关键词
human evolution; population genetics;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.0702928104
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Published and new samples of Aboriginal Australians and Melanesians were analyzed for mtDNA(n = 172) and Y variation (n = 522), and the resulting profiles were compared with the branches known so far within the global mtDNA and the Y chromosome tree. (i) All Australian lineages are confirmed to fall within the mitochondrial founder branches M and N and the Y chromosomal founders C and F, which are associated with the exodus of modern humans from Africa -50-70,000 years ago. The analysis reveals no evidence for any archaic maternal or paternal lineages in Australians, despite some suggestively robust features in the Australian fossil record, thus weakening the argument for continuity with any earlier Homo erectus populations in Southeast Asia. (h) The tree of complete mtDNA sequences shows that Aboriginal Australians are most closely related to the autochthonous populations of New Guinea/Melanesia, indicating that prehistoric Australia and New Guinea were occupied initially by one and the same Palaeolithic colonization event approximate to 50,000 years ago, in agreement with current archaeological evidence. (M) The deep mtDNA and Y chromosomal branching patterns between Australia and most other populations around the Indian Ocean point to a considerable isolation after the initial arrival. (iv) We detect only minor secondary gene flow into Australia, and this could have taken place before the land bridge between Australia and New Guinea was submerged approximate to 8,000 years ago, thus calling into question that certain significant developments in later Australian prehistory (the emergence of a backed-blade lithic industry, and the linguistic dichotomy) were externally motivated.
引用
收藏
页码:8726 / 8730
页数:5
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