Protection by pentoxifylline of diazinon-induced toxic stress in rat liver and muscle

The effects of diazinon, pentoxifylline, and their combination therapy on plasma glucose, the key enzymes of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, and oxidative stress were studied in rat liver and muscle. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring the concentration of lipid peroxides and assessing total antioxidant capacity. Diazinon (60 mg/kg) and pentoxifylline (100 mg/kg) were administrated by gavage. Administration of diazinon increased blood glucose, hepatic glycogen phosphorylase (GP), and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) by 160.65%, 117.2%, and 93.5%, respectively, while it decreased plasma cholinesterase (ChE) by 53.82%. Diazinon-induced oxidative stress was demonstrated by decreased total antioxidant capacity and enhanced lipid peroxidation by 52.61% and 280% in liver and by 40.02% and 46.6% in muscle, respectively. Pentoxifylline increased plasma glucose, hepatic GP, and PEPCK by 98.65%, 60%, and 79.86%, respectively, while it did not change plasma ChE, liver and muscle lipid peroxides, and total antioxidant capacity. In combination therapy, pentoxifylline did not alter diazinon-induced change in muscle GP activity but restored a diazinon-induced increase in hepatic and muscle lipid peroxides by 39.18% and 42.35%, respectively. Pentoxifylline also recovered a diazinon-induced decrease in liver and muscle total antioxidant capacity and plasma ChE by 122.33%, 56.44%, and 115.62%, respectively. Pentoxifylline did not affect diazinon-induced hyperglycemia and increased hepatic GP and PEPCK or muscle GP activities. It is concluded that pentoxifylline is a good choice for the alleviation of acute toxic stress of diazinon in muscle and liver and ChE in plasma, while it is unable to recover diazinon-induced hyperglycemia.