Reaction kinetics and morphological changes of a rigid polyurethane foam during combustion

A three-step series mechanism is shown to provide a good description of the oxidative degradation of a rigid polyurethane foam. Kinetic constants have been estimated by the simultaneous evaluations of four weight loss curves measured for heating rates between 5 and 20 K/min and a final temperature of 873 K. The following parameters have been obtained for the three reaction steps: (I) A(1) = 2.6 x 10(12) s(-1), E-1 = 133.6 kJ/mol; (II) A(2) = 3.3 x 10(4) s(-1), E-2 = 81 kJ/mol; (III) A(3) = 8.7 x 10(8) s(-1), E-3 = 180 kJ/mol. The thermal response of the foam has also been examined in a cone calorimeter for low (25 kW/m(2)) and high (50 kW/m(2)) radiation intensities, which lead to flaming combustion for a period of 90 and 75s, respectively. In the latter case, a transition from flaming to slow smoldering also takes place. Finally, for both radiation intensities, SEM micrographs show the complete loss of the initial closed-cell structure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.