Ring expansion-annulation strategy for the synthesis of substituted azulenes and oligoazulenes. 2. Synthesis of azulenyl halides, sulfonates, and azulenylmetal compounds and their application in transition-metal-mediated coupling reactions

被引:84
作者
Crombie, AL [1 ]
Kane, JL [1 ]
Shea, KM [1 ]
Danheiser, RL [1 ]
机构
[1] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1021/jo048698c
中图分类号
O62 [有机化学];
学科分类号
070303 ; 081704 ;
摘要
A "ring expansion-annulation strategy" for the synthesis of substituted azulenes is described based on the reaction of beta'-bromo-alpha-diazo ketones with rhodium carboxylates. The key transformation involves an intramolecular Buchner reaction followed by beta-elimination of bromide, tautomerization, and in situ trapping of the resulting 1-hydroxyazulene as a carboxylate or triflate ester. Further synthetic elaboration of the azulenyl halide and sulfonate annulation products can be achieved by employing Heck, Negishi, Stille, and Suzuki coupling reactions. Reaction of the azulenyl triflate 84 with pinacolborane provides access to the azulenylboronate 91, which participates in Suzuki coupling reactions with alkenyl and aryl iodides. The application of these coupling reactions to the synthesis of biazulenes, terazulene 101, and related oligoazulenes is described, as well as the preparation of the azulenyl amino acid derivative 110.
引用
收藏
页码:8652 / 8667
页数:16
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