Study of the elemental composition of aerosols in the Candiota region of Brazil using the PIXE technique

被引:21
作者
Braga, CF
Teixeira, EC
Yoneama, ML
Dias, JF
机构
[1] Fdn Estadual Prot Ambiental, BR-90030020 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
[2] Univ Val Rio Sinos, Program Pos Grad Geol, BR-93001970 Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
[3] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
关键词
PIXE; atmospheric aerosols; factor analysis;
D O I
10.1016/j.nimb.2004.05.023
中图分类号
TH7 [仪器、仪表];
学科分类号
0804 ; 080401 ; 081102 ;
摘要
The scope of this study was to determine the concentration and composition of atmospheric particles in the Candiota region of Brazil using HV PM10 and Dichotomous (PM10-2.5 and PM2.5) samplers. Four sampling sites at an average distance of about 35 km from a coal-fired thermoelectric power plant were selected: Acegua, Aeroporto, 8 de Agosto and Pedras Altas. Samples were collected from December 2000 to December 2001, and their PM10 mass concentrations (coarse and fine particles) were determined. Moreover, the concentration of the elements Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Br were obtained through the PIXE technique. The average mass concentrations of coarse and fine particles were found to be well below the daily (150 mugm(-3)) and annual average (50 mugm(-3)) air quality standards established by the country's legislation. The high enrichment factors observed in the fine fraction particulate (<2.5 mum) suggests that anthropogenic activities were the dominant source for elements such as S, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Br. Analysis performed with HV PM10 samples showed a grouping of the elements Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn and Fe, indicating coal and earth crust as the possible sources of these elements, whereas the presence of S is associated to coal combustion. The elements Cr, Ni and Cu characterise the influence of the power plant, while the presence of Cl and Br is associated with the presence of marine salts in the area. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:561 / 571
页数:11
相关论文
共 30 条
[1]  
ALVES R, 2000, THESIS IAG USP
[2]   CONTROLLED EXPOSURES OF VOLUNTEERS TO RESPIRABLE CARBON AND SULFURIC-ACID AEROSOLS [J].
ANDERSON, KR ;
AVOL, EL ;
EDWARDS, SA ;
SHAMOO, DA ;
PENG, RC ;
LINN, WS ;
HACKNEY, JD .
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 1992, 42 (06) :770-776
[3]   COMPOSITION AND SOURCES OF AEROSOLS FROM THE AMAZON BASIN [J].
ARTAXO, P ;
STORMS, H ;
BRUYNSEELS, F ;
VANGRIEKEN, R ;
MAENHAUT, W .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 1988, 93 (D2) :1605-1615
[4]   Aerosols concentration in the Candiota area applying different gravimetric methods of sampling and numeric modelling [J].
Braga, CF ;
Alves, RCM ;
Teixeira, EC ;
Pires, M .
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, 2002, 4 (06) :897-902
[5]   The Guelph PIXE software package III: Alternative proton database [J].
Campbell, JL ;
Hopman, TL ;
Maxwell, JA ;
Nejedly, Z .
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS, 2000, 170 (1-2) :193-204
[6]  
Davidson R, 1996, TRACE ELEMENTS COAL
[7]   ACUTE RESPIRATORY EFFECTS OF PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION [J].
DOCKERY, DW ;
POPE, CA .
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 1994, 15 :107-132
[8]   Long-term monitoring of atmospheric aerosols in the Amazon Basin: Source identification and apportionment [J].
Echalar, F ;
Artaxo, P ;
Martins, JV ;
Yamasoe, M ;
Gerab, F ;
Maenhaut, W ;
Holben, B .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 1998, 103 (D24) :31849-31864
[9]  
Hair J. F., 1992, Multivariate data analysis, V3rd
[10]  
Hopke P. K., 1991, RECEPTOR MODELING AI