Phase diagrams of one-dimensional Bose-Fermi mixtures of ultracold atoms

We study the quantum phase diagrams of Bose-Fermi mixtures of ultracold atoms confined to one dimension in an optical lattice. For systems with incommensurate densities, various quantum phases, e. g., spin- or charge-density waves, pairing, phase separation, and the Wigner crystal, are found to be dominant in different parameter regimes within a bosonization approach. The structure of the phase diagram leads us to propose that the system is best understood as a Luttinger liquid of polarons (i.e., atoms of one species surrounded by screening clouds of the other species). Special fillings, half filling for fermions, and unit filling for bosons, and the resulting gapped phases are also discussed, as well as the properties of the polarons and the experimental realization of these phases.