1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoroalkyl-functionalization of Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) mono- and diphosphine complexes:: Minimizing the electronic consequences for the metal center

A series of fluorous derivatives of group 10 complexes MCl2(dppe) and [M(dppe)(2)](BF4)(2) (M = Ni, Pd or Pt; dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) and cis-PtCl2(PPh3)(2) was synthesized. The influence of para-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoroalkyl)dimethylsilyl-functionalization of the phosphine phenyl groups of these complexes, as studied by NMR spectroscopy, cyclovoltammetry (CV), XPS analyses, as well as DFT calculations, points to a weak steric and no significant inductive electronic effect. The steric effect is most pronounced for M = Ni and leads in the case of NiCl2(1c) (3c) and [Ni(1c)(2)](BF4)(2) (7c) (1c = [CH2P{C6H4(SiMe2CH2CH2C6F13)-4}(2)](2)) to a tetrahedral distortion from the expected square planar geometry. The solubility behavior of NiCl2[CH2P{C6H4(SiMe3-b(CH2CH2CxF2x+1)b)4}(2)](2) (3: b = 1-3; x = 6, 8) in THF, toluene, and c-C6F11CF3 was found to follow the same trends as those observed for the free fluorous ligands 1. A similar correlation between the partition coefficient (P) of complexes 3 and free 1 was observed in fluorous biphasic solvent systems, with a maximum value obtained for 3f (b = 3, x 6, P = 23 in favor of the fluorous phase).