Arginase acts as an alternative pathway of L-arginine metabolism in experimental colon anastomosis

L-Arginine is the substrate for the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway that is essential for gastrointestinal wound healing. L-Arginine is also the substrate for the enzyme arginase which metabolizes L-arginine to ornithine and subsequently to proline and polyamines both known to interact in cell proliferation and collagen synthesis. Two distinct isoforms of arginase exist. The temporal expression of the L-arginine metabolism in experimental colon anastomosis was investigated. Male Lewis rats underwent laparotomy. A left-sided colotomy was performed and the colon reanastomosed using 6-0 prolene. Sham operation was performed in controls. On days 2, 5, 10, 14, and 28 after the surgery the anastomosis was excised. The tissue at the anastomosis (ANAST) as well as above and below the anastomosis (PDC) and from sham colon was harvested and analyzed for distinct arginase isoform I (AI) and arginase isoform II (AII) activity, protein and mRNA expression as well as immunohistochemistry. iNOS protein and mRNA expression were investigated in parallel. A mean of 3 to 4 separate rats were analyzed per time point. Statistical analysis was performed by student's t-test, significance was reached when P < 0.05. AI activity, protein, and mRNA expression were significantly upregulated at the anastomosis compared to sham controls and PDC colons at all time points. The maximum was achieved at days 10 to 44 after wounding, and decreased to baseline levels thereafter. Inflammatory, cells stained positive for AI. AII protein was not detectable. However RT-PCR showed low baseline expression. iNOS expression was upregulated early but for a shorter time period after wounding and reverted quickly to undetectable levels. In anastomotic healing, AI upregulation suggests a prolonged metabolism of arginine via arginase to polyamines and proline to provide substrate for collagen synthesis and cell proliferation. The functional implication of this arginase Pathway further needs to be elucidated. (C) 2003 The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Inc.