Chemical restraint of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina); Use of medetomidine, ketamine and atipamezole and comparison with other cyclohexamine-based combinations

A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the alpha-2 agonist medetomidine for sedation of pre-moulting, mature female southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina). Two animals were sedated with a single intramuscular dose of medetomidine (0.013 and 0.027 mg kg(-1)). A further two groups of five animals received medetomidine (0.013 mg kg(-1)) combined with ketamine (1.90 mg kg(-1)) and, 20 min later, either saline or the alpha-2 antagonist atipamezole (0.04 mg kg(-1)) intravenously. Medetomidine alone did not give sufficient restraint to permit intravenous access. The response appeared to be similar to previous findings with ketamine and xylazine. Administration of atipamezole had little effect upon the level and timecourse of restraint. Ketamine and medetomidine seem to offer few advantages over ketamine and xylazine or other cyclohexamine-drug combinations for routine chemical restraint of southern elephant seals.