Nitrogen removal and nitrate leaching for forage systems receiving dairy effluent

被引:33
作者
Woodard, KR [1 ]
French, EC
Sweat, LA
Graetz, DA
Sollenberger, LE
Macoon, B
Portier, KM
Wade, BL
Rymph, SJ
Prine, GM
Van Horn, HH
机构
[1] Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
[2] Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
[3] Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
[4] MSU, Cent Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Raymond, MS 39154 USA
关键词
D O I
10.2134/jeq2002.1980
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Florida dairies need year-round forage systems that prevent loss of N to ground water from waste effluent sprayfields. Our purpose was to quantify forage N removal and monitor nitrate N (NO3--N) concentrations in soil water below the rooting zone for two forage systems during four 12-mo cycles (1996-2000). Soil in the sprayfield is an excessively drained Kershaw sand (thermic, uncoated Typic Quartzipsamment). Over four cycles, average loading rates of effluent N were 500, 690, and 910 kg ha(-1) per cycle. Nitrogen removed by the bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.)-rye (Secale cereale L.) system (BR) during the first three cycles was 465 kg ha(-1) per cycle for the low loading rate, 528 kg ha(-1) for the medium rate, and 585 kg ha(-1) for the high. For the corn (Zea mays L.)-forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-rye system (CSR), N removals were 320 kg ha(-1) per cycle for the low rate, 327 kg ha(-1) for the medium, and 378 kg ha(-1) for the high. The higher N removals for BR were attributed to higher N concentration in bermudagrass (18.1-24.2 g kg(-1)) than in corn and forage sorghum (10.3-14.7 g kg(-1)). Dry matter yield declined in the fourth cycle for bermudagrass but N removal continued to be higher for BR than CSR. The BR system was much more effective at preventing NO3--N leaching. For CSR, NO3--N levels in soil water (1.5 m below surface) increased steeply during the period between the harvest of one forage and canopy closure of the next. Overall, the BR system was better than CSR at removing N from the soil and maintaining low NO3--N concentrations below the rooting zone.
引用
收藏
页码:1980 / 1992
页数:13
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