Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on neurologic outcome for cerebral ischemia in rats

Objective: To evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on neurologic outcome (assessed by the quantal bioassay approach) following acute focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods: Two separate experimental trials were conducted. Trial 1, a nonblinded experiment, used 38 rats. Trial 2, a blinded experiment, used 59 rats. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced with a surgically placed intraluminal occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery; subsequent removal allowed reperfusion, Arterial occlusion times were varied from 5 to 90 minutes in trial 1, and from 3 to 45 minutes in trial 2. The control groups were maintained at ambient pressure for the duration of each trial, The trial 1 treatment group received a single 30-minute HBO treatment at 2.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA) on the initial day of ischemia. The trial 2 treatment group received 30-minute HBO treatments at 2.0 ATA daily for 4 consecutive days, The animals underwent daily 5-point neurologic examinations. A computerized quantal bioassay was used to determine the ET50-the occlusion time required to cause a neurologic abnormality in half of the animals. The control and treatment ET50 values were compared in each trial using a 2-tailed t-test. An increased ET50 for the treatment vs the control group implied a beneficial effect of HBO; a decrease, the opposite. The study had a power of 80% to detect a difference of 11.4 minutes in the ET50 for a 2-sided alpha = 0.05. Results: For trial 1: the HBO ET50 was 18.1 +/- 21.9 minutes and the control ET50 was 22.8 +/- 25.0 minutes (p > 0.2). For trial 2: the HBO ET50 was 9.49 +/- 17.4 minutes and the control ET50 was 14.9 +/- 14.2 minutes (P < 0.2). Conclusion: HBO therapy showed no apparent benefit in a rat model as a treatment modality for acute cerebral ischemia with reperfusion.