A rapid method to measure the solid-water distribution coefficient (Kd) for pharmaceuticals and musk fragrances in sewage sludge

被引:495
作者
Ternes, TA
Herrmann, N
Bonerz, M
Knacker, T
Siegrist, H
Joss, A
机构
[1] Fed Inst Hydrol, D-56068 Koblenz, Germany
[2] ECT Oekotoxikol GmbH, D-65439 Florsheim am Main, Germany
[3] Swiss Fed Inst Environm Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
关键词
pharmaceuticals; endocrine disrupters; sewage; primary sludge; activated sludge; K-d; sorption;
D O I
10.1016/j.watres.2004.07.015
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products are omnipresent in wastewater world-wide. In order to predict their sorption quantities onto sludge in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), the solid-water distribution coefficients (K-d values) of selected pharmaceuticals (antiphlogistics, estrogens, lipid regulators, anti-epileptic and cytostatic agents) and polycyclic musk fragrances (HHCB, AHTN) were determined in primary and secondary sludges taken from a German municipal WWTP. For the K-d determination, batches of primary and secondary sludge slurries were spiked with the respective target compounds and slowly stirred under defined conditions (e.g. an argon atmosphere). Finally, the water and solid sludge phases were analysed. The K-d values of pharmaceuticals ranged from < 1 to 500 L kg(-1), while those for the polycyclic musk fragrances AHTN and HHCB proved to be up to 5300 and 4900 L kg(-1), respectively. The primary and secondary sludge showed significant differences for some pharmaceuticals such as Diclofenac and Cyclophosphamide due to the different pH and composition of the two sludges. The removal rate from the water phase caused by sorption in a WWTP can be reasonably predicted on the basis of the Kd values. (C)(C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:4075 / 4084
页数:10
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