Effects of overexpression of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger on [Ca2+] transients in murine ventricular myocytes

We measured [Ca2+](i) and [Na+](i) in isolated transgenic (TG) mouse myocytes overexpressing the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger and in wild-type (WT) myocytes. In TG myocytes, the peak systolic level and amplitude of electrically stimulated (ES) [Ca2+](i) transients (0.25 Hz) were not significantly different from those in WT myocytes, but the time to peak [Ca2+](i) was significantly prolonged. The decline of ES [Ca2+](i) transients was significantly accelerated in TG myocytes, The decline of a long-duration (4-s) caffeine-induced [Ca2+](i) transient was markedly faster in TG myocytes, and [Na+](i) was identical in TC and WT myocytes, indicating that the overexpressed Na+-Ca2+ exchanger is functionally active, The decline of a short-duration (100-ms) caffeine-induced [Ca2+](i) transient in 0 Na+/0 Ca2+ solution did not differ between the two groups, suggesting that the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase function is not altered by overexpression of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. There was no difference in L-type Ca2+ current density in WT and TG myocytes. However, the sensitivity of ES [Ca2+](i) transients to nifedipine was reduced in TG myocytes, This maintenance of [Ca2+](i) transients in nifedipine was inhibited by Ni2+ and required SR Ca2+ content, consistent with enhanced Ca2+ influx by reverse Na+-Ca2+ exchange, and the resulting Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from SR, The rate of rise of [Ca2+](i) transients in nifedipine in TG myocytes was much slower than when both the L-type Ca2+ current and the Na+-Ca2+ exchange current function together. In TG myocytes, action potential amplitude and action potential duration at 50% repolarization were reduced, and action potential duration at 90% repolarization was increased, relative to WT myocytes, These data suggest that under these conditions, overexpression of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in TG myocytes accelerates the decline of [Ca2+](i) during relaxation, indicating enhanced forward Na+-Ca2+ exchanger function. Increased Ca2+ influx also appears to occur, consistent with enhanced reverse function. These findings provide support for the physiological importance of both these modes of Na+-Ca2+ exchange.