Risk assessment of a petroleum-contaminated site through a multi-phase and multi-component modeling approach

An integrated simulation and risk-assessment approach is proposed, which includes a multi-phase and multi-component modeling system for simulating flow and transport of petroleum constituents in the subsurface and a fuzzy relation analysis (FRA) model for assessing environmental risks under uncertainty. Outputs of the simulation modeling were directly input into the FRA model to comprehensively evaluate integrated risk due to transport of multiple petroleum constituents in groundwater system to receptors of concern. Application of the integrated simulation and risk-assessment approach to a petroleum-contaminated site indicates that reasonable solutions have been generated. They are useful for providing decision-support for management and remediation of petroleum-contaminated sites. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.