Protective Role for Antioxidants in Acute Kidney Disease

被引:231
作者
Dennis, Joanne M. [1 ]
Witting, Paul K. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Sydney, Redox Biol Grp, Discipline Pathol, Charles Perkins Ctr,Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
基金
澳大利亚研究理事会;
关键词
antioxidant; renal injury; oxidant; hypoxia; ischemia; vitamin C; endothelium; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; IMPROVES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; NITROGEN SPECIES GENERATION; VITAMIN-C SUPPLEMENTATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ASCORBIC-ACID; IN-VIVO; RADICAL SCAVENGER;
D O I
10.3390/nu9070718
中图分类号
R15 [营养卫生、食品卫生]; TS201 [基础科学];
学科分类号
100403 [营养与食品卫生学];
摘要
Acute kidney injury causes significant morbidity and mortality in the community and clinic. Various pathologies, including renal and cardiovascular disease, traumatic injury/rhabdomyolysis, sepsis, and nephrotoxicity, that cause acute kidney injury (AKI), induce general or regional decreases in renal blood flow. The ensuing renal hypoxia and ischemia promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radical anions, peroxides, and hydroxyl radicals, that can oxidatively damage biomolecules and membranes, and affect organelle function and induce renal tubule cell injury, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction. Acute kidney injury is associated with increased oxidative damage, and various endogenous and synthetic antioxidants that mitigate source and derived oxidants are beneficial in cell-based and animal studies. However, the benefit of synthetic antioxidant supplementation in human acute kidney injury and renal disease remains to be realized. The endogenous low-molecular weight, non-proteinaceous antioxidant, ascorbate (vitamin C), is a promising therapeutic in human renal injury in critical illness and nephrotoxicity. Ascorbate may exert significant protection by reducing reactive oxygen species and renal oxidative damage via its antioxidant activity, and/or by its non-antioxidant functions in maintaining hydroxylase and monooxygenase enzymes, and endothelium and vascular function. Ascorbate supplementation may be particularly important in renal injury patients with low vitamin C status.
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页数:25
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