The relationship of schedule flexibility and outcomes via the work-family interface

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship of schedule flexibility with performance and satisfaction in the work and family domains, and whether these associations are mediated by the work-family interface. Possible gender differences in the putative benefits of schedule flexibility are also to be explored. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 607 full-time employees in either schedule flexibility or traditional working arrangements the authors tested a moderated-mediation model. Regression was used to test the mediation of work-family and the moderation of gender to the schedule flexibility to work-family path. Findings Both work-to-family conflict and work-to-family enrichment are mediating mechanisms in the relationship of schedule flexibility with outcomes. More specifically, full mediation was found for job satisfaction and family performance for both enrichment and conflict while partial mediation was found for family satisfaction with enrichment only and mediation was not supported for job performance. Finally, gender moderated the schedule flexibility to work-family conflict relationship such that women benefited more from flexible working arrangements than men. Originality/value The paper adds value by examining a mediation mechanism in the schedule flexibility with the outcome relationship of the work-family interface. It also adds value by including work-family enrichment which is a key variable but has little research. Finally, it adds value by demonstrating that schedule flexibility plays a stronger role for women than men regarding the work-family interface.