Risk Factors and Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Iranian Women Attending Two University Hospitals

Background: Several studies indicated that there is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Middle East countries. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and assess some risk factors of vitamin D deficiency among women attending our clinics in Tehran, the capital of Iran. Patients and Methods: Five hundred and thirty-eight women aged 20-80 years were entered in this cross-sectional study from 2011 to 2012. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were measured in all participants after recruiting their demographic and anthropometric data and past medical histories. Deficiency was defined as levels less than 35 nmol/L and classified as mild (>= 25 nmol/L), moderate (12.5-25 nmol/L) and severe (<= 12.5 nmol/L). Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 69%; mild, moderate and severe degrees were seen in % 10.4, % 38.3, and % 20.3 respectively. Analysis of logistic regression shows that age (OR: 0.96, CI: 0.93-0.97), menopause (OR: 0.44, CI: 0.21-0.99) and consumption of multivitamin supplements (OR: 2.67, CI: 1.4-5) were independent predictive factors for Vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Iranian women especially in reproductive ages.