Basilar artery occlusion in a child: "clot angioplasty" followed by thrombolysis

Basilar artery occlusions are rare but have a very poor prognosis. Intra-arterial thrombolysis may produce recanalization and better clinical outcome. A short delay between the onset of symptoms and thrombolysis is considered essential for successful recanalization and for the smallest possible risk of haemorrhagic complications. We present a case of basilar artery occlusion in an S-year-old child, which was treated by "clot angioplasty" followed by intra-arterial thrombolysis. Thirty hours after progressive alteration of consciousness, speech disturbances and left arm paresis, the child became comatose with decerebrate rigidity. A CT scan showed parenchymal ischaemic lesions. Angiography (performed 36 h after the onset of symptoms) showed a total occlusion of the basilar artery. A clot angioplasty was performed by placing a balloon catheter within the thrombus and inflating it several times in the occluded segment of the basilar artery. Thrombolysis was then performed through the balloon catheter. The basilar artery was only partially recanalized at the end of the procedure, but the perforating arteries of the brain stem had reappeared on angiography. Three months later the child had completely recovered to a normal clinical status. In conclusion, the very poor natural prognosis of basilar artery occlusion requires aggressive management. Recanalization of the basilar artery may be performed even late after the onset of symptoms. Clot angioplasty allows partial recanalization, which may increase the efficiency of thrombolysis.