The role of primary tumour resection in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer

Objective The management of stage IV colorectal cancer is controversial. Resection of the primary tumour to prevent obstruction, bleeding or perforation is the traditional approach, although survival benefit is undetermined. Management consisting of diverting ostomy, enteric bypass, laser recanalization or endoscopic stenting is an alternative to radical resection. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of resection of the primary tumour in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer, with specific attention paid to survival benefit and safety. Method This was a retrospective review of all stage IV colon and rectal cancer patients in our tumour registry between 1991 and 2002. Data collected included patient demographics, presenting symptoms, detail from the hospital course including diagnostic data and operative management, complications and survival time (days). Survival analysis was performed to assess the effect of primary tumour resection on long-term survival. Results 109 patients were studied. Sixty-two (57%) patients (group I) underwent resection of the primary tumour, whereas 47 (43%) patients (group II) were managed without resection. Median survival times for groups I and II were 375 (IQR: 179-759) and 138 (IQR: 35-262) days respectively (P < 0.0001). After controlling for age, sex, tumour location and level of liver involvement as well as liver function, patients who underwent resection still survived longer (HR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.21-0.55). Conclusion Palliative resection of the primary tumour plays an essential role in the management of stage IV colorectal cancer. Resection can offer increased survival and is indicated in certain patients with incurable disease. Limited metastatic tumour burden of the liver was associated with better survival in such patients.