Differential modulation of interleukin 8 by interleukin 4 and interleukin 10 in HepG2 cells treated with acetaldehyde

Background/Aim: Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin (IL) 8, are important mediators of hepatic injury and repair following an insult. The purpose of this work was to study the regulation of IL-8 by IL-10 and IL-4 in HepG2 cells treated with acetaldehyde (Ac). Methods: HepG2 cells were pretreated with IL-10 or IL-4 before exposure to Ac, examining IL-8 expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Results: Ac treatment produced an increment in IL-8 induction and secretion that was prevented by IL-4 pretreatment, while IL-10 pretreatment failed to decrease Ac-induced IL-8 production. Consistent with these findings Ac increased NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation that were prevented by IL-4 but not by IL-10, findings accompanied by greater IkappaB-alpha levels in IL-4 but not IL-10 pretreated cells. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory role of IL-10 in HepG2, IL-10 did not show any change in the activation of NF-kappaB by Ac in WRL-68 cells, a human fetal hepatic cell line. Moreover, IL-10 did not induce the degradation of IkappaB-alpha in cellular extract from rat primary cultured cells. Conclusions: While the present findings demonstrate the anti-inflammatory role of IL-4 in preventing the expression of IL-8 by Ac, the regulation of chemokines by anti-inflammatory cytokines is complex and depends on the cellular lineage.