Thermal analysis of β-lactoglobulin complexes with pectins or carrageenan for production of stable biopolymer particles

Biopolymer nanoparticles can be formed by thermal treatment of electrostatic complexes of globular proteins and anionic polysaccharides. The purpose of this study was to provide insights into the physicochemical origin of biopolymer particle formation using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature-scanning turbidity measurements. DSC measurements indicated that high methoxyl pectin (HMP), low methoxyl pectin (LMP) and carrageenan (C) had little impact on the thermal denaturation temperature of beta-lactoglobulin (T-m similar to 78 degrees C) at pH 4.75, where electrostatic complexes are formed. Temperature scanning turbidity measurements indicated that extensive biopolymer aggregation occurred above T-m for beta-lactoglobulin-pectin systems, but not for beta-lactoglobulin-carrageenan systems. This difference was attributed to the greater strength of the attractive electrostatic interactions between the protein and carrageenan molecules, compared to the protein and pectin molecules. The biopolymer particles formed by heating beta-lactoglobulin-pectin complexes were relatively stable to association/dissociation from pH 3 to 7 for HMP and from pH 4 to 7 for LMP, whereas the beta-lactoglobulin-C complexes were highly unstable to pH changes. The beta-lactoglobulin-pectin nanoparticles (d = 200-300 nm) may therefore be useful as natural delivery systems or fat replacers in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other industries. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.