Characteristics of benign solitary pulmonary nodules confirmed by diagnostic video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

Background and AimsThe solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is a common clinical problem usually detected incidentally during screening tests for lung cancer. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is performed for diagnosing SPNs when there are technical difficulties with transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy or bronchoscopic biopsy, inconclusive biopsy results, or when there is a high suspicion of malignancy. This study aimed to identify factors that can reduce unnecessary VATS for the diagnosis of SPNs. MethodsWe retrospectively analysed patients with SPNs (n=107) who had undergone diagnostic VATS at Seoul National University Hospital from January 2007 to December 2008. Clinical and radiological parameters were evaluated to compare benign and malignant SPNs. ResultsBenign SPNs were diagnosed in 31 patients (29.0%). The most common reason for patients to undergo a diagnostic VATS was a history of malignancy. The most common histological findings in patients with benign SPNs were non-specific inflammatory lesions (29.0%) and tuberculosis (16.1%). The presence of respiratory symptoms was significantly associated with benign diseases [P=0.004, odds ratio (OR) 0.189, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.060-0.590], and part-solid nodules were significantly related to malignancy (P=0.026, OR 6.34, 95% CI 1.248-32.169). ConclusionApproximately 30% of SPNs resected by VATS were benign. Although we did not identify a definite factor for predicting benign disease or malignancy, the presence of respiratory symptoms was related to benign disease, and part-solid nodules were associated with malignancy.