Income, education, and blood pressure in adults in Jamaica, a middle-income developing country

被引:62
作者
Mendez, MA [1 ]
Cooper, R
Wilks, R
Luke, A
Forrester, T
机构
[1] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
[2] Loyola Univ, Dept Prevent Med & Epidemiol, Chicago, IL USA
[3] Univ W Indies, Trop Metab Res Inst, Kingston, Jamaica
关键词
hypertension; blood pressure; developing countries; Jamaica; socioeconomic income; education;
D O I
10.1093/ije/dyg083
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
Background At present, little is known about how socioeconomic status (SES) is related to blood pressure (BP) and hypertension in developing countries. This cross-sectional study examined associations between SES and BP in 2082 adults from a peri-urban area of Jamaica, a middle-income developing country. Methods Hypertension (systolic BP greater than or equal to 140 mmHg, diastolic BP greater than or equal to 90 mmHg or current hypertensive medication use) was estimated based on self-reported medication use and the mean of the second and third of three manual BP measurements. Income and education were self-reported. Linear or logistic regressions were used to estimate multivariate associations between BP or hypertension and SES. Results Hypertension prevalence was 20% in men and 28% in women. in both men and women, the income distributions of BP and hypertension were non-linear, indicating elevated levels in low as well as in high-income groups. In contrast to the negative relationships typical for industrialized Countries, multivariate-adjusted BP and hypertension were highest in the wealthiest women. in men with some high school education, income was positively associated with BP while there were negative associations in men with lesser education. Unlike women, mean BP were highest in poor men with limited education. Low SES men were also least likely to receive diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions Socioeconomic status is related to BP and hypertension in Jamaica, although relationships are non-linear. Behavioural and environmental factors that explain elevated BP among both low and high SES adults in developing countries Must be identified to develop effective prevention strategies.
引用
收藏
页码:400 / 408
页数:9
相关论文
共 29 条
[1]   Standardization of blood pressure measurement in an international comparative study [J].
Ataman, SL ;
Cooper, R ;
Rotimi, C ;
McGee, D ;
Osotimehin, B ;
Kadiri, S ;
Kingue, S ;
Muna, W ;
Fraser, H ;
Forrester, T ;
Wilks, R .
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, 1996, 49 (08) :869-877
[2]   TRENDS IN THE PREVALENCE, AWARENESS, TREATMENT, AND CONTROL OF HYPERTENSION IN THE ADULT US POPULATION - DATA FROM THE HEALTH EXAMINATION SURVEYS, 1960 TO 1991 [J].
BURT, VL ;
CUTLER, JA ;
HIGGINS, M ;
HORAN, MJ ;
LABARTHE, D ;
WHELTON, P ;
BROWN, C ;
ROCCELLA, EJ .
HYPERTENSION, 1995, 26 (01) :60-69
[3]  
*CENTR INT AG, 2002, WORLD FACTB 1994
[4]  
Chalmers J, 1999, J HYPERTENS, V17, P151
[5]   Socio-economic status and blood pressure: an overview analysis [J].
Colhoun, HM ;
Hemingway, H ;
Poulter, NR .
JOURNAL OF HUMAN HYPERTENSION, 1998, 12 (02) :91-110
[6]   The prevalence of hypertension in seven populations of West African origin [J].
Cooper, R ;
Rotimi, C ;
Ataman, S ;
McGee, D ;
Osotimehin, B ;
Kadiri, S ;
Muna, W ;
Kingue, S ;
Fraser, H ;
Forrester, T ;
Bennett, F ;
Wilks, R .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 1997, 87 (02) :160-168
[7]   Hypertension in four African-origin populations: current 'Rule of Halves', quality of blood pressure control and attributable risk of cardiovascular disease [J].
Cruickshank, JK ;
Mbanya, JC ;
Wilks, R ;
Balkau, B ;
Forrester, T ;
Anderson, SG ;
Mennen, L ;
Forhan, A ;
Riste, L ;
McFarlane-Anderson, N .
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION, 2001, 19 (01) :41-46
[8]  
DAVEYSMITH G, 1997, LIFE COURSE APPROACH, P242
[9]   Neighbourhood differences in diet: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study [J].
Diez-Roux, AV ;
Nieto, FJ ;
Caulfield, L ;
Tyroler, HA ;
Watson, RL ;
Szklo, M .
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH, 1999, 53 (01) :55-63
[10]  
Dominguez Ligia J., 1999, Ethnicity and Disease, V9, P468