Activity adaptations to the development of functional limitations and results for subjective well-being in later adulthood: A qualitative analysis of longitudinal panel data over a 16-year period

Activity changes reported by 29 panel respondents who developed functional limitations over a 16-year period were compared with activity changes in a matched control group that did not develop functional limitations. Maintaining a stable activity level by increasing participation in activities that remained to offset declines or losses in other activities (consolidation) was the most common adaptation pattern for both groups. Continuity of both pattern and level of activities occurred only in the control group. Disengagement-a sharp reduction in both number and level of activities-occurred only in association with functional limitations. Activity adaptations resulted in preserved morale for all but one in the control group and for most of the functional limitations group, but disengagement produced a sharp reduction in morale for 71 percent of the small number who reported this pattern.