Alterations in gait resulting from deliberate changes of arm-swing amplitude and phase

Objective. The purpose of the study was to reach a better understanding of the influence of arm movement in human gait. Design. The experiment involved the adoption of different arm-swing patterns by normal subjects who walked in a gait laboratory. Background. The reciprocal swinging of the arms in walking prays an important role in gait, but the derails require further research, More insight into the role of the arm-swing in gait could be obtained by adopting different arm-swing patterns while walking at different speeds. Method. Thirteen normal subjects were therefore requested to walk adopting different arm-swing patterns which included, one or both arms strapped to the body, full reciprocal excursion of both arms, pace walking and swinging the arms in parallel. From measurements made at different speeds of walking, regressions were calculated which made-it possible to compare baser gait characteristics of the different arm patterns, Results, Maximum velocity decreased in all cases. In the test conditions where the arms were strapped, the subjects increased velocity by increasing stride frequency more than stride length. In the other conditions the reverse was the case. Conclusion. The experiments show that the gait pattern is very much influenced by changes in arm-swing but the effects are related to the pattern of arm-swing and the speed of walking. Relevance Arm movements should be examined in patients since their alteration may indicate a clinical manifestation of an underlying pathology or only a means of maintaining stability in gait. In the re-education of walking, patients should be trained to swing the arms as this would help in the maintenance of dynamic balance. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.