Effect of vitamin K2 on cortical and cancellous bones in orchidectomized and/or sciatic neurectomized rats

We examined the effect of vitamin K-2 on cortical and cancellous bones in orchidectomized and/or sciatic neurectomized rats. Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 months of age, were randomized by stratified weight method into nine groups with 10 rats in each group: baseline control (BLC), age-matched intact control (IN), IN+vitamin K-2 administration (K), orchidectomy (ORX), ORX+K, unilateral sciatic neurectomy (NX), NX+K, ORX+NX (ONX), and ONX+K. Vitamin K-2 (menatetrenone) was administered orally twice a week at a dose of 30 mg/kg each. After 10 weeks of feeding, the tibial shaft and proximal tibia were processed for cortical and cancellous bone histomorphometric analyses, respectively. An ORX-induced reduction in maturation-related cortical bone gain and ORX-induced cancellous bone loss were attributable to increased endocortical and trabecular bone turnover, respectively. NX- and ONX-induced reductions in maturation-related cortical bone gain were attributable to decreased periosteal bone formation and increased endocortical bone turnover, while NX- and ONX-induced cancellous bone loss was attributable to increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. ORX-induced cancellous bone loss was more pronounced when combined with immobilization. Vitamin K-2 administration did not significantly alter any parameters in IN rats. Vitamin K-2 administration in ORX rats suppressed endocortical bone resorption and trabecular bone turnover, retarding a reduction in maturation-related cortical bone gain and cancellous bone loss. This effect on cancellous bone loss was primarily because of prevention of a reduction of trabecular thickness. Vitamin K-2 administration in NX and ONX rats suppressed bone resorption and stimulated bone formation (mineralization), with retardation of a reduction of trabecular thickness without any significant effect on cancellous bone mass, and suppressed endocortical bone resorption, retarding a reduction in maturation-related cortical bone gain. The present study provides evidence indicating that vitamin K-2 has the potential to suppress bone resorption or bone turnover and/or stimulate bone formation in vivo in ORX and/or NX rats.