New active substances authorized in the United Kingdom between 1972 and 1994

Aims The study was undertaken to assemble a list of all new active medicinal substances authorised in the United Kingdom between 1972 and 1994; to assess whether the pattern of introductions had changed; and to examine withdrawal rates and the reasons for withdrawal. Methods The identities of those new active substances whose manufacturers had obtained Product Licences between 1972 and 1994 were sought from the Medicines Control Agency's product data-base. For each substance relevant information was retrieved including the year of granting the Product Licence, its therapeutic class, whether currently authorised (and, if not, reason for withdrawal), and its nature (chemical, biological etc.). Results The Medicines Control Agency's data-base was cross-checked against two other data-bases for completeness. A total of 583 new active substances (in 579 products) were found to have been authorised over the study period. The annual rates of authorisation varied widely (9 to 40 per year). Whilst there was no evidence for any overall change in the annual rates of authorising new chemical entities, there has been a trend for increasing numbers of new products of biological origin to be authorised in recent years. Fifty-nine of the 583 new active substances have been withdrawn (1 each for quality and efficacy, 22 for safety, and 35 for commercial reasons). Conclusions For reasons that are unclear there is marked heterogeneity in the annual rates of authorisation of new active substances. Their 10 year survival is approximately 88% with withdrawals being, predominantly, for commercial or safety reasons. This confirms the provisional nature of assessments about safety at the time when a new active substance is introduced into routine clinical practice, and emphasises the importance of pharmacovigilance.