Ca2+ dynamics in a pollen grain and papilla cell during pollination of Arabidopsis

Ca2+ dynamics in the growing pollen tube have been well documented in vitro using germination assays and Ca2+ imaging techniques. However, very few in vivo studies of Ca2+ in the pollen grain and papilla cell during pollination have been performed. We expressed yellow cameleon, a Ca2+ indicator based on green fluorescent protein, in the pollen grains and papilla cells of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and monitored Ca2+ dynamics during pollination. In the pollen grain, [Ca2+](cyt) increased at the potential germination site soon after hydration and remained augmented until germination. As in previous in vitro germination studies, [Ca2+](cyt) oscillations were observed in the tip region of the growing pollen tube, but the oscillation frequency was faster and [Ca2+](cyt) was higher than had been observed in vitro. In the pollinated papilla cell, remarkable increases in [Ca2+](cyt) occurred three times in succession, just under the site of pollen-grain attachment. [Ca2+](cyt) increased first soon after pollen hydration, with a second increase occurring after pollen protrusion. The third and most remarkable [Ca2+](cyt) increase took place when the pollen tube penetrated into the papilla cell wall.