Atrial fibrillation: Current surgical options and their assessment

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Traditional surgical treatment of AF is the Cox-Maze III procedure, a complicated operation. New surgical approaches include alternate energy sources (radiofrequency, microwave, cryothermy) and simplified left atrial lesion sets. These operations cure AF in 70% to 80% of patients. This review describes contemporary and emerging surgical approaches to AF, synthesizes results of these operations, and proposes new standards for reporting results of AF treatment.