Effects of Deep-Flooding Irrigation on Growth, Canopy Structure and Panicle Weight Yield Under Different Planting Patterns in Rice

For rice cultivation in Japan, deep-flooding irrigation is used as a growth control method. To clarify the effects of deep-flooding cultivation under the different planting-pattern, we arranged conventional (Con, 22 hills m(-2)), narrow (Nar, 33 hills m(-2)) and very narrow (broadcast direct-seeding Model:BDSM, 100 hills m(-2)) planting plots under shallow-flooding (SF: 5 cm) and the deep-flooding (DF: 27 cm) conditions from active to maximum tillering stage and evaluated the growth, panicle weight yield, panicle components and community structure. DF was effective in controlling the weak tiller over the whole planting plots arranged. The panicle weight yield (m-2) was high in DF and high yield was kept even in BDSM. The panicle weight yield (m(-2)) increases in DF was based on the panicle weight (panicle(-1)) increased by increasing secondary rachis-branches and their grains (Con and Nar), or on the panicle numbers (m(-2)) increase (BDSM). Shoot nitrogen content (tiller(-1)), reported to have the correlation with panicle components, was high in the Con and Nar in DF, and this might contribute to the increase in secondary rachis-branch grains. In BDSM in DF, the marked decrease in the percentage of productive tillers and serious lodging observed in SF were improved. The lodging resistance value in DF was higher than that in SF over the whole planting plots. The light transmission in DF was superior to that in SF in spite of the large LAI. Thus, the growth improving effect of DF was obvious over the wide planting pattern range.