Tissue deposition rates in relation to muscle fibre and fat cell characteristics in lean female pigs (Sus scrofa) following treatment with porcine growth hormone (pGH)

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of porcine growth hormone (pGH) on performance, carcase composition, muscle and fat deposition rates, muscle fibre characteristics, and fat cell volume in pigs. In the first experiment, ten pairs of littermates were treated with vehicle (saline buffer) or 80 mu g pGH per kg live weight per day for 42 days starting at 50 kg live weight. In the second experiment, twelve pairs of littermates were untreated or treated with 3 mg pGH per day from approximately 56 kg live weight to slaughter at approximately 103 kg live weight. All pigs were fed ad libitum. In Experiments 1 and 2, respectively, feed intake decreased (10 and 11%) and the feed/gain ratio improved (8 and 13%), while daily gain was unaltered. There was an increase in deposition rates of muscle (11 and 22%), skin (27 and 23%), and bone (15% in both), and a decrease in deposition rates of intermuscular (48 and 24%) and subcutaneous (82 and 50%) fat. This resulted in a change in carcase composition towards more muscle (5 and 9%), bone (6 and 4%), and skin (18 and 12%), and less intermuscular (30 and 16%) and subcutaneous fat (51 and 32%). The increased muscle mass was due to enhanced hypertrophy of all muscle fibre types, while pGH did not affect the frequency of the different muscle fibre types. The reduction in subcutaneous fat was reflected in a similar reduction in fat cell volume. In contrast to the majority of pigs used in pGH experiments, the genotype used in the present experiments did not respond with respect to daily gain following pGH treatment. Furthermore, the increase in muscle deposition was rather low compared to results reported in pigs of other genotypes. These data together with published data on the cross-sectional area of muscle fibres indicate that genotypes with relatively large muscle fibres are less responsive to pGH treatment than genotypes with relatively small muscle fibres.