Fabrication and characterization of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration

Conventional methods in fabrication of scaffolds based on polymer/bioceramic composites frequently make use of solution casting then particle leaching. The residues of common organic solvents can get trapped in this technique hence provide safety concerns on final scaffold. In this study, N-methyl pyrrolidone was used as an approved solvent for parenteral pharmaceutical products especially implants with acceptable toxicological profile. A combined freeze drying and solvent casting methods were adopted for complete removal of the solvent from final scaffold structure. Biodegradable scaffolds based on poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) and different percentages of nano-hydroxyapatite (25, 35, and, 45% w/w) were characterized thoroughly regarding porosity, pore distribution as well as their bioactivity and biocompatibility. The results showed 70-80% porosity with a size distribution in the range of 50-200 mu m for different conditions. Bioactivity of the scaffolds was directly dependent on the bioceramic content in the samples according to the results. Composites and neat samples showed the same cytocompatibility profile. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 94A: 137-145, 2010