D-Psicose, a Sweet Monosaccharide, Ameliorate Hyperglycemia, and Dyslipidemia in C57BL/6J db/db Mice

D-psicose has been implicated in glycemic control in recent animal and human studies. In this study, the effects of D-psicose on glycemic responses, insulin release, and lipid profiles were compared with those of D-glucose and D-fructose in a genetic diabetes model. C57BL/6J db/db mice were orally supplemented with 200 mg/kg BW of D-psicose, D-glucose, or D-fructose, respectively, while diabetes control or wild type mice were supplemented with water instead. D-psicose sustained weight gain by about 10% compared to other groups. The initial blood glucose level maintained from 276 to 305 mg/dL during 28 d in the D-psicose group, whereas a 2-fold increase was found in other groups (P < 0.05) among diabetic mice. D-psicose significantly improved glucose tolerance and the areas under the curve (AUC) for glucose among diabetes (P < 0.05), but had no effect on serum insulin concentration. The plasma lipid profile was not changed by supplemental monosacchrides, although the ratio of LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol was ameliorated by D-psicose. The administration of D-psicose reversed hepatic concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) by 37.88% and 62.89%, respectively, compared to the diabetes control (P < 0.05). The current findings suggest that D-psicose shows promise as an antidiabetic and may have antidyslipidemic effects in type 2 diabetes.