Skin irritation from air-oxidized ethoxylated surfactants

Surfactants are known to be skin irritants, but change in their irritant potential due to change in composition during handling and storage has not previously been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of oxidation products on the irritant potential of a nonionic ethoxylated alcohol, C12E5. Pure and oxidized C12E5 were tested, using 2 different patch test procedures: 1 with a single 24 h exposure and 1 with repeated exposures. 18 healthy volunteers participated in each of these studies. Evaluations were made by visual scoring and by measurement of transepidermal water loss and skin blood flow In the single exposure study, no significant difference in skin irritation was observed between pure C12E5 and a sample of oxidized C12E5 at the concentrations tested (1, 3, 9 and 27%). After repeated exposures, however, the oxidized C12E5 was significantly more irritant than pure C12E5 at the concentrations 9% and 27% (p<0.05). Nonionic ethoxylated surfactants are known for their weak skin irritant effect and are, due to this, often included in products with prolonged contact with the skin, i.e., skin care products. An increased irritant potential after oxidation might be of importance due to the conditions of use.