Freezing temperatures of freely falling industrial wastewater droplets

Spray freezing technology has been used in ice building construction in cold regions and artificial snow making. The spray freezing process involves heat and mass transfer and ice nucleation. The freezing temperature of the sprayed water is influenced by many factors, such as droplet size (volume), ambient air temperature, and impurity content of the water. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the influence of the droplet size (volume) and the ambient air temperature on the ice nucleation temperature of the freely suspended droplets of different qualities-piggery wastewater, pulp mill effluent, and oil sands tailings pond water. The time required to initiate freezing in the freely suspended waste-water droplets was measured under various experimental conditions using video-image technology. The ice nucleation temperature of the droplets were predicted based on the: required freezing time and the rate of heat and mass transfer.