A regional scale modeling analysis of aerosol and trace gas distributions over the eastern Pacific during the INTEX-B field campaign

被引：35

作者：

Adhikary, B. ^{[1
,2
]}

Carmichael, G. R. ^{[1
]}

Kulkarni, S. ^{[1
]}

Wei, C. ^{[1
]}

Tang, Y. ^{[1
]}

D'Allura, A. ^{[1
]}

Mena-Carrasco, M. ^{[1
]}

Streets, D. G. ^{[3
]}

Zhang, Q. ^{[3
]}

Pierce, R. B. ^{[4
]}

Al-Saadi, J. A. ^{[4
]}

Emmons, L. K. ^{[5
]}

Pfister, G. G. ^{[5
]}

Avery, M. A. ^{[4
]}

Barrick, J. D. ^{[4
]}

Blake, D. R. ^{[6
]}

Brune, W. H. ^{[7
]}

Cohen, R. C. ^{[8
]}

Dibb, J. E. ^{[9
]}

Fried, A. ^{[5
]}

Heikes, B. G. ^{[10
]}

Huey, L. G. ^{[11
]}

O'Sullivan, D. W. ^{[12
]}

Sachse, G. W. ^{[4
]}

Shetter, R. E. ^{[5
]}

Singh, H. B. ^{[13
]}

Campos, T. L. ^{[5
]}

Cantrell, C. A. ^{[5
]}

Flocke, F. M. ^{[5
]}

Dunlea, E. J. ^{[14
,15
]}

Jimenez, J. L. ^{[14
,15
]}

Weinheimer, A. J. ^{[5
]}

Crounse, J. D. ^{[16
]}

Wennberg, P. O. ^{[16
]}

Schauer, J. J. ^{[17
]}

Stone, E. A. ^{[17
]}

Jaffe, D. A. ^{[18
]}

Reidmiller, D. R. ^{[19
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA

[2] Kathmandu Univ, Sch Engn, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal

[3] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA

[4] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA

[5] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA

[6] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA

[7] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[8] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[9] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA

[10] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA

[11] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[12] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA

[13] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA

[14] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[15] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[16] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[17] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, Madison, WI USA

[18] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA

[19] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

来源：

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS | 2010年 / 10卷 / 05期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; ASIAN AEROSOLS; NORTH-AMERICA; AIR-POLLUTION; MINERAL DUST; MASS; VARIABILITY;

D O I：

10.5194/acp-10-2091-2010

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

The Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM) is applied to the analysis of observations obtained during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B (INTEX-B), conducted over the eastern Pacific Ocean during spring 2006. Predicted trace gas and aerosol distributions over the Pacific are presented and discussed in terms of transport and source region contributions. Trace species distributions show a strong west (high) to east (low) gradient, with the bulk of the pollutant transport over the central Pacific occurring between similar to 20 degrees N and 50 degrees N in the 2-6 km altitude range. These distributions are evaluated in the eastern Pacific by comparison with the NASA DC-8 and NSF/NCAR C-130 airborne measurements along with observations from the Mt. Bachelor (MBO) surface site. Thirty different meteorological, trace gas and aerosol parameters are compared. In general the meteorological fields are better predicted than gas phase species, which in turn are better predicted than aerosol quantities. PAN is found to be significantly overpredicted over the eastern Pacific, which is attributed to uncertainties in the chemical reaction mechanisms used in current atmospheric chemistry models in general and to the specifically high PAN production in the SAPRC-99 mechanism used in the regional model. A systematic underprediction of the elevated sulfate layer in the eastern Pacific observed by the C-130 is another issue that is identified and discussed. Results from source region tagged CO simulations are used to estimate how the different source regions around the Pacific contribute to the trace gas species distributions. During this period the largest contributions were from China and from fires in South/Southeast and North Asia. For the C-130 flights, which operated off the coast of the Northwest US, the regional CO contributions range as follows: China (35%), South/Southeast Asia fires (35%), North America anthropogenic (20%), and North Asia fires (10%). The transport of pollution into the western US is studied at MBO and a variety of events with elevated Asian dust, and periods with contributions from China and fires from both Asia and North America are discussed. The role of heterogeneous chemistry on the composition over the eastern Pacific is also studied. The impacts of heterogeneous reactions at specific times can be significant, increasing sulfate and nitrate aerosol production and reducing gas phase nitric acid levels appreciably (similar to 50%).

引用

页码：2091 / 2115

页数：25

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