DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific ICAM-grabbing non-integrin) and DC-SIGN-related (DC-SIGNR): friend or foe?

被引:78
作者
Soilleux, EJ [1 ]
机构
[1] MRC, Hutchison Res Ctr, Med Res Council Canc Cell Unit, Cambridge CB2 2XY, England
关键词
dendritic cell; dendritic cell-specific ICAM-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN); DC-SIGN-related (DC-SIGNR); endothelial cell; HIV; intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3; lectin; placenta; vertical transmission;
D O I
10.1042/CS20020092
中图分类号
R-3 [医学研究方法]; R3 [基础医学];
学科分类号
1001 ;
摘要
C-type lectins are calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding proteins with a wide range of biological functions, many of which are related to immunity. DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific ICAM-grabbing non-integrin, where ICAM is intercellular adhesion molecule) is a recently described mannose-specific C-type lectin expressed by dendritic cells. Dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells capable of activating T-lymphocytes. DC-SIGN, which is expressed by dendritic cells, binds to ICAM-3 on T-lymphocytes, therefore playing an important role in the activation of T-lymphocytes. DC-SIGN can also bind HIV, and the virus may remain bound to DC-SIGN for protracted periods. DC-SIGN may deliver bound HIV to permissive cell types, mediating infection with high efficiency. A closely related C-type lectin, DC-SIGN-related molecule (DC-SIGNR) has also been described. DC-SIGNR is expressed by restricted subsets of endothelial cells, but has similar ICAM-3 and HIV-binding properties to DC-SIGN. This review describes the mapping of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR to chromosome 19p13.3 adjacent to the previously described C-type lectin, CD23 [the low-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (FcERII)]. The similar genomic organization of these three genes is discussed and consideration is given to the evolutionary duplications that may underlie this arrangement. Both DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR possess a neck region, made up of multiple repeats, which supports the ligand-binding domain. Consideration is given to the biological reasons underlying the considerable polymorphism in the numbers of repeats in DC-SIGNR, but not DC-SIGN. The expression patterns of both DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR are discussed in detail, with particular attention to the expression of both molecules in the placenta, which may have implications for the vertical transmission of HIV. Since dendritic cells may be important in determining the phenotype of many immune responses, via effects on T-lymphocytes, the differential expression of DC-SIGN by particular dendritic cell subsets may have important implications for the immunobiological functions of DC-SIGN. Similarly, the expression of DC-SIGNR by very restricted subsets of endothelial cells may give clues to the function of DC-SIGNR. Finally, the role of DC-SIGN in pathology, particularly in infective and neoplastic processes, is discussed, followed by speculation about likely future developments in this field.
引用
收藏
页码:437 / 446
页数:10
相关论文
共 57 条
[31]   HIV-1 IN TROPHOBLASTIC AND VILLOUS HOFBAUER CELLS, AND HEMATOLOGICAL PRECURSORS IN 8-WEEK FETUSES [J].
LEWIS, SH ;
REYNOLDSKOHLER, C ;
FOX, HE ;
NELSON, JA .
LANCET, 1990, 335 (8689) :565-568
[32]   Dendritic cell subsets and lineages, and their functions in innate and adaptive immunity [J].
Liu, YJ .
CELL, 2001, 106 (03) :259-262
[33]   IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS P24-ANTIGEN IN PLACENTAL TISSUE [J].
MARTIN, AW ;
BRADY, K ;
SMITH, SI ;
DECOSTE, D ;
PAGE, DV ;
MALPICA, A ;
WOLF, B ;
NEIMAN, RS .
HUMAN PATHOLOGY, 1992, 23 (04) :411-414
[34]   A novel mechanism of carbohydrate recognition by the C-type lectins DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR - Subunit organization and binding to multivalent ligands [J].
Mitchell, DA ;
Fadden, AJ ;
Drickamer, K .
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 2001, 276 (31) :28939-28945
[35]   Extensive repertoire of membrane-bound and soluble dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin 1 (DC-SIGN1) and DC-SIGN2 isoforms - Inter-individual variation in expression of DC-SIGN transcripts [J].
Mummidi, S ;
Catano, G ;
Lam, L ;
Hoefle, A ;
Telles, V ;
Begum, K ;
Jimenez, F ;
Ahuja, SS ;
Ahuja, SK .
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 2001, 276 (35) :33196-33212
[36]   Mechanisms and timing of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 [J].
Newell, ML .
AIDS, 1998, 12 (08) :831-837
[37]   Five mouse homologues of the human dendritic cell C-type lectin, DC-SIGN [J].
Park, CG ;
Takahara, K ;
Umemoto, E ;
Yashima, Y ;
Matsubara, K ;
Matsuda, Y ;
Clausen, BE ;
Inaba, K ;
Steinman, RM .
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY, 2001, 13 (10) :1283-1290
[38]   DC-SIGNR, a DC-SIGN homologue expressed in endothelial cells, binds to human and simian immunodeficiency viruses and activates infection in trans [J].
Pöhlmann, S ;
Soilleux, EJ ;
Baribaud, F ;
Leslie, GJ ;
Morris, LS ;
Trowsdale, J ;
Lee, B ;
Coleman, N ;
Doms, RW .
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2001, 98 (05) :2670-2675
[39]   DC-SIGN (CD209) expression is IL-4 dependent and is negatively regulated by IFN, TGF-β, and anti-inflammatory agents [J].
Relloso, M ;
Puig-Kröger, A ;
Pello, OM ;
Rodríguez-Fernández, JL ;
de la Rosa, G ;
Longo, N ;
Navarro, J ;
Muñoz-Fernández, MA ;
Sánchez-Mateos, P ;
Corbí, AL .
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, 2002, 168 (06) :2634-2643
[40]  
Sadler T., 1990, LANGMANS MED EMBRYOL