A user-friendly one-dimensional model for wet volcanic plumes

被引:117
作者
Mastin, Larry G. [1 ]
机构
[1] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA
关键词
volcanic plumes; volcanic ash; eruption modeling; volcanology : explosive volcanism; volcanology : atmospheric effects; volcanology : volcanic hazards and risks;
D O I
10.1029/2006GC001455
中图分类号
P3 [地球物理学]; P59 [地球化学];
学科分类号
0708 ; 070902 ;
摘要
[1] This paper presents a user-friendly graphically based numerical model of one-dimensional steady state homogeneous volcanic plumes that calculates and plots profiles of upward velocity, plume density, radius, temperature, and other parameters as a function of height. The model considers effects of water condensation and ice formation on plume dynamics as well as the effect of water added to the plume at the vent. Atmospheric conditions may be specified through input parameters of constant lapse rates and relative humidity, or by loading profiles of actual atmospheric soundings. To illustrate the utility of the model, we compare calculations with field-based estimates of plume height ( similar to 9 km) and eruption rate (> similar to 4 x 10(5) kg/s) during a brief tephra eruption at Mount St. Helens on 8 March 2005. Results show that the atmospheric conditions on that day boosted plume height by 1 - 3 km over that in a standard dry atmosphere. Although the eruption temperature was unknown, model calculations most closely match the observations for a temperature that is below magmatic but above 100 degrees C.
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页数:24
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