Characterization of 3 x 3 matrix arrays of solution-phase electrochromic cells

Nine solution-phase electrochromic thin-layer cells based on N,N'-di-n-heptylviologen perchlorate, (HV2+)(ClO4-)(2), and N,N,N',N'tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, TMPD (50 mM each in CH3CN, no supporting electrolyte), were arranged in three rows and three columns, and were matrix-addressed without crosstalk with six inputs. The absence of crosstalk is attributed to the fact that the voltage communicated to the pixels peripheral to the one intended for coloration never exceeds the threshold voltage for coloration. That in turn is due to the vectorial nature of the redox process which leads to nonlinear characteristics for coloration, and to spontaneous open-circuit discharge and decoloration.