Censusing the mountain gorillas in the Virunga Volcanoes: complete sweep method versus monitoring

被引:29
作者
Gray, Maryke [2 ]
McNeilage, Alastair [3 ,4 ]
Fawcett, Katie [5 ]
Robbins, Martha M. [1 ]
Ssebide, Benard [6 ]
Mbula, Deo [7 ]
Uwingeli, Prosper
机构
[1] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
[2] Int Gorilla Conservat Programme, Nairobi 48177, Kenya
[3] Inst Trop Forest Conservat, Kabale, Uganda
[4] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA
[5] Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund Int, Atlanta, GA 30315 USA
[6] Uganda Wildlife Author, Kampala, Uganda
[7] IGCP DRC, Inst Congolais Conservat Nat, Gisenyi, Rwanda
关键词
gorilla; growth rate; human disturbance; monitoring; population; social structure; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PARK;
D O I
10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01142.x
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
The mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) of the Virunga Volcanoes Range of Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo are one of the most endangered ape populations in the world. Following a dramatic decline during the 1960s, and relative stability in the 1970s, the population steadily increased during the 1980s. Due to political instability and war, a complete census had not been conducted since 1989. Here we compare the results of a complete census using the 'sweep method' conducted in 2003 with those from a monitoring program, to estimate the size and distribution of the gorilla population. A total of 360 gorillas were counted from census measurements and known habituated groups. Based on quantitative assessments of the census accuracy, we calculated that an additional 20 gorillas were not counted, leading to an estimated population of 380 individuals, and a 1.15% annual growth rate since 1989. The Ranger Based Monitoring programme yielded similar results. The encouraging results must be viewed with caution, however, because the growth was concentrated almost entirely in one section of the Virungas. Additionally, the distribution of gorilla groups was negatively correlated with the frequency of human disturbances, which highlights the need to continue strengthening conservation efforts.Resume Les gorilles de montagne Gorilla gorilla beringei de l'aire de repartition des Volcans Virunga, au Rwanda, en Ouganda et en Republique Democratique du Congo, sont une des populations de grands singes les plus menacees du monde. Apres un declin dramatique dans le courant des annees 1960, et une stabilite relative dans les annees 1970, la population s'est fermement reconstituee au cours des annees 1980. Mais en raison de l'instabilite politique et de la guerre, il n'y avait plus eu de recensement total depuis 1989. Nous comparons ici les resultats d'un recensement complet effectue en 2003 par la methode du balayage topologique (sweep method) avec ceux d'un programme de suivi, afin d'estimer la taille et la distribution de la population de gorilles. Nous avons denombre un total de 360 gorilles en reprenant les chiffres du recensement et ceux des groupes habitues connus. En nous basant sur l'evaluation quantitative de la precision du recensement, nous avons calcule que 20 gorilles supplementaires n'avaient pas ete comptes, ce qui porte l'estimation a 380 individus et signifie un taux de croissance annuel de 1,15% depuis 1989. Le Programme de Suivi base sur les gardes a obtenu des resultats comparables. Pourtant, ces resultats encourageants doivent etre interpretes avec prudence etant donne que la croissance s'est presque entierement concentree sur une seule section des Virunga. De plus, la distribution des groupes de gorilles etait negativement liee a la frequence des perturbations humaines, ce qui souligne la necessite de poursuivre le renforcement des mesures de conservation.
引用
收藏
页码:588 / 599
页数:12
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