Special problems in laparoscopic surgery - Previous abdominal surgery, obesity, and pregnancy

Initially, many contraindications to laparoscopic surgery existed, including previous abdominal surgery, obesity, and pregnancy. Patients with these special conditions are no longer denied minimally invasive surgery. With proper precautions, laparoscopic surgery can be performed safely in patients who have had previous abdominal surgery, who are obese, and who are pregnant. This article summarizes methods for minimizing complications and maximizing success for these patients.