Electrochemical and electrochromic properties of Ni oxide thin films prepared by a sol-gel method

Nickel oxide thin films, which are well known anodic coloration materials that are used in electrochromic devices, were prepared by a sol - gel method, and their electrochemical and electrochromic properties were investigated. The sol was prepared from Ni(OH)(2) powder with an average size of 7 nm, in a mixture of ethylene glycol and absolute ethanol. The films were coated on an ITO substrate using the powder, dispersed in the solution. When additive materials, acetyl acetone and glycerol, were added to the sol its hardness and adhesion properties were improved. The optimized thin film formed an amorphous, porous structure, and showed a large current density during continuous potential and pulse potential cycling. The film also was transparent and had a high coloration efficiency (33.5 cm(2)/C) and a rapid response time (1.0 - 2.5 s) during the coloring/ bleaching process.