Illusions of familiarity caused by cohort activation

Subjects took part in an auditory lexical decision task followed by an auditory test of recognition memory for words presented in this task, Subjects categorized their recognition judgments as based on either recollection ("remember" responses) or familiarity ("know" responses). Distracter items in the recognition test included the base words from which the nonwords used in the lexical decision task were derived. Consistent with the findings of Wallace, Stewart, Sherman, and Mellor (1995), more false alarms were made to "late" base words (where the corresponding nonwords were created by changing a phoneme near the end of the word) than to "early" base words (corresponding nonwords were created by changing a phoneme at the beginning of the word). However, this effect was found in "know" responses but not in "remember" responses. The findings are attributed to enhanced fluency with which the base words are processed following their implicit activation at encoding.