Pathophysiology of nerve injury

Peripheral nerve injuries, whether in the setting of major or minor trauma, often result in profound functional deficit that significantly alters patient lifestyle and employment opportunities. Crucial to the successful management of peripheral nerve injuries is a basic understanding of neuropathophysiology and neuroregeneration. Over the last two decades there have been major advances in the areas neurobiology, peripheral nerve surgery, and postoperative rehabilitation. This article reviews the pertinent neuroanatomy, the cellular response to injury and repair, and the clinical classification of peripheral nerve injuries.