Serum levels of interleukins 8 and 10, interferon γ, Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and soluble CD23 in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

The presence of auto-antibodies and hypergammaglobulinaemia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) suggest an overactive humoral immune system. Serum cytokines, measured using in-house double monoclonal sandwich ELISA, were used to assess the state of cellular and humoral immunity in this condition by comparison with sex and age matched normal controls and patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (AC). Soluble CD23 (sCD23) as a marker of humoral immunity was significantly elevated in PSC (N = 31) relative to patients with AC (N = 12) and the control group (N = 20) (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001 respectively). Serum interleukin (IL) 10, as an anti inflammatory cytokine and IL8, as a marker of neutrophil activation were significantly elevated in patients with PSC relative to those with AC and the controls (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 respectively). Interferon gamma, as a marker of cellular immunity, and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, a marker of monocyte/macrophage function were similar in all the groups. Cytokines and sCD23 were no different between patients with AC and the control group. While more than two thirds of the patients with PSC were positive for ANCA, there was no correlation between the presence of ANCA or ANCA titre and serum levels of either IL8, IL10 and sCD23. These results suggest exaggerated humoral immunity in PSC. The raised levels of IL10 and IL8 in PSC are discussed in the context of inflammatory bowel disease and liver dysfunction.